The cultural hub of Scotland commands a unique ambience with its splendid Georgian architecture and premier location overlooking the Firth of Forth Estuary. Guarded by an ancient castle perched above the city on Castle Rock, Edinburgh is not just host to quality tourist sights, but to one of Europe’s best loved festivals, the annual Edinburgh Festival held in August.

History: in the 12th century a small town developed around the base of Castle Rock, yet ongoing clashes between the Scots and the English saw the town change hands several times. By the 15th century, Scottish rule had been established and Edinburgh was designated as capital and home to the Royal Court. The city later became a major cultural centre with its Greco-Roman New Town and intellectual residents, and remains so today.

Sightseeing: located on a rocky outcrop above the city, Edinburgh Castle is hard to miss. This 1,000-plus year old monument offers excellent city views and is easy to access from the shop-lined Royal Mile, which stretches all the way to the must-see Palace of Holyrood. The city centre is where you will find Edinburgh’s most magnificent architecture including the Scott Monument, a memorial to Walter Scott, and first-rate museums such as the National Gallery of Scotland and the Museum of Scotland.

Shopping: while Edinburgh’s shopping scene is rivalled by Glasgow’s, the city nevertheless boasts a wide choice in mainstream shopping, with Princes Street and George Street being the best places to find popular chain stores. The Royal Mile is Edinburgh’s key tourist street and where you will find everything from one-of-a-kind galleries to souvenir stores selling kilts and whiskey. For high-end designer goods, head to Multrees Walk in New Town.

Eating and drinking: finding somewhere to eat or drink is no great feat in Edinburgh, a city which has hundreds of quality eateries and equally as many cosy traditional pubs where you can enjoy a wee dram of Scottish whiskey. Westend, Rose Street and Grassmarket attract a good crowd at weekends while the Royal Mile and Princes Street offer dozens of family-friendly choices. For authentic dining, avoid the touristy restaurants around the castle.

Where to stay: there is accommodation in nearly every district of the city but you’ll still need to book in advance regardless of the time of year you visit as Edinburgh attracts visitors year round. Prices inflate around festival time (August) and at Christmas so plan ahead. Cowgate and the lower Royal Mile have affordable choices while some of the best hotels are situated in attractive Georgian stone buildings in the city centre and near the castle.

Getting there: Edinburgh International Airport is well connected to most European capital but it is typically cheaper to connect through one of London’s international airports if travelling long-haul. The city is also linked by rail and bus to London and other Scottish cities, with comfortable sleepers readily available.